Clustering of albumin excretion rate abnormalities in Caucasian patients with NIDDM

Summary Proteinuria and nephropathy have been found to cluster in families of non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) Pima Indian, and in Caucasian insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients. No information is at present available for Caucasian NIDDM patients. The aim of the present study was to determine whether micro-macroalbuminuria (AER + ) is associated with albumin excretion rate abnormalities in diabetic and non-diabetic siblings of probands with NIDDM and AER + . We identified 169 Caucasian families with one NIDDM proband (the patient with longest known NIDDM duration) (101 families with only NIDDM siblings, 33 families with both NIDDM and non-NIDDM siblings and 35 families with only non-NIDDM siblings). Of the probands 56 had AER + [Prob-NIDDM-(AER + )], 78 had AER– [Prob-NIDDM-(AER–)], 74 siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER + ), and 113 siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER–) also had NIDDM. Data on albuminuria and retinopathy from multiple sibling pairs when the size of the sibship was more than two was adjusted according to a weighting factor. The odds ratio for AER + , in siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER + ) adjusted for age, hypertension, glycated haemoglobin A_{1 c} and other confounding variables was 3.94 (95 % confidence intervals: 1.93–9.01) as compared to siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER–). The 74 siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER + ) had higher prevalence of proliferative retinopathy than siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER–) (14 vs 2 %; p < 0.01). We also identified 66 non-diabetic siblings of 41 NIDDM probands with AER + and 36 non-diabetic siblings of 27 NIDDM probands with AER–. Albumin excretion was two times higher, although still within the normal range, in the non-diabetic siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER + ) than in siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER–) [median = 13.5 (range 0.5–148) vs 6.6 (range 1–17) μg/min (p < 0.05)]. In conclusion higher rates of albumin excretion aggregate in Caucasian families with NIDDM. Proliferative retinopathy is more frequently observed in families showing a clustering of AER + and NIDDM. These findings suggest that familial factors play a role in the pathogenesis of renal and retinal complications in NIDDM. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 816–823] Received: 6 November 1996 and in revised form: 17 February 1997     

Identification of distant co-evolving residues in antigen 85C from Mycobacterium tuberculosis using statistical coupling analysis of the esterase family proteins

A fundamental goal in cellular signaling is to understand allosteric communication, the process by which sig-nals originating at one site in a protein propagate reliably to affect distant functional sites. The general principles of protein structure that underlie this process remain unknown. Statistical coupling analysis (SCA) is a statistical technique that uses evolutionary data of a protein family to measure correlation between distant functional sites and suggests allosteric communication. In proteins, very distant and small interactions between collections of amino acids provide the communication which can be important for signaling process. In this paper, we present the SCA of protein alignment of the esterase family (pfam ID: PF00756) containing the sequence of antigen 85C secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify a subset of interacting residues. Clustering analysis of the pairwise correlation highlighted seven important residue positions in the esterase family alignments. These resi-dues were then mapped on the crystal structure of antigen 85C (PDB ID: 1DQZ). The mapping revealed corre-lation between 3 distant residues (Asp38, Leu123 and Met125) and suggests allosteric communication between them. This information can be used for a new drug against this fatal disease.     

口腔鳞状细胞癌和癌旁组织的基因表达分析

目的利用来自美国国立生物信息技术中心(NCBI)基因表达数据库(GEO)的基因芯片数据,分析基因在口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中癌和癌旁组织的差异表达情况,为寻找癌和癌旁组织双边的抑癌靶标提供依据。方法选取来自NCBI-GEO数据库中OSCC患者的癌和癌旁组织,以及正常人口腔组织的基因芯片数据,分别计算得到前两者相对后者的差异表达基因,并进行功能聚类与特定基因的通路分析。结果大部分差异基因为癌与癌旁所共有,其中多数基因的差异表达方向在两者中一致,少部分方向不一致。如WIF1基因在癌组织中表达下调,但在癌旁组织中表达上调。这种差异表达行为的不同与基因的功能相关,因此,差异表达行为可能为抑癌靶标的发现提供线索。结论基因在癌和癌旁组织中的差异表达行为与基因的功能相关,具有特定差异表达行为的基因可能成为潜在的抑癌靶标。     

Congruence Between Latent Class and K-Modes Analyses in the Identification of Oncology Patients With Distinct Symptom Experiences

Context

Risk profiling of oncology patients based on their symptom experience assists clinicians to provide more personalized symptom management interventions. Recent findings suggest that oncology patients with distinct symptom profiles can be identified using a variety of analytic methods.

2010—2019年宝鸡市 手足口病流行特征及时空聚集分析

[摘要]　目的?分析陕西省宝鸡市2010—2019年手足口病流行特征及时空聚集性,为本市的手足口病防控提供理论依据。方法? 收集宝鸡市2010—2019年手足口病发病数据和病原学监测结果,建立数据库,分析手足口病流行特征及优势病原谱的变化,再应用ArcGIS 10.1系统对手足口病发病进行空间自相关及热点分析。结果?2010—2019年宝鸡市累计报告手足口病35 546例,平均发病率为94.62/10万,男性发病率高于女性（χ2=1031.484,P=0.000）;各年龄组发病率不同（χ2趋势=61 405.833,P=0.000）,其中1～2岁组年平均发病率最高（2572.65/10万）。宝鸡市手足口病病原谱的构成：2010年优势病原为Cox A16（65.14%）,2011年、2012年和2014年优势病原为EV-A71（82.67%、48.97%和54.87%）,2013年、2015—2018年均以其他肠道病毒为主（62.11%、49.34%、53.02%、42.29%、80.50%）,2019年Cox A16和其他肠道病毒比例相当（55.42% vs. 43.07%）,各年间优势病原分布不同（χ2=874.879,P=0.000）。全局自相关分析发现2014年、2017年、2018年、2019年具有空间聚集性,高值聚集区为本市南部地区及主城区。结论?陕西省宝鸡市手足口病发病存在时空聚集性,应加强重点地区疫情防控,制定针对性防控措施。　
     

结核分枝杆菌McSpoligotyping 基因分型在宜昌地区耐多药结核病中的应用研究 凝血筛查指标变化及其对临床分型的诊断价值

[摘要]　目的　运用熔解曲线间隔区寡核苷酸分型（melting curve spacer oligonucleotide typing, McSpoligotyping）方法对宜昌地区耐多药结核分枝杆菌进行基因分型,以评价其在结核病流行病学调查中的应用价值。方法　选择2019年1月—2020年12月耐多药菌株77株作为实验组,并以异烟肼和利福平敏感菌株110株作为对照组,运用McSpoligotyping方法进行基因分型,将分型结果与SpolDB4.0数据库进行比对分析。结果　187株菌株中北京基因型116株（62.03％）,非北京基因型71株（37.97％）。对照组110株中北京基因型60株（54.55％）,其中数量最多的1组国际型别编码（spoligotype inter-national type, SIT）为1的北京基因型共44株（40.00％）;非北京基因型50株（45.45％）,以T族、Manu族常见。实验组77株中北京基因型56株（72.73％）,其中数量最多的1组为 SIT为1的北京基因型共44株（57.14％）,非北京基因型21株（27.27％）,以T族、Manu2族常见。实验组北京基因型菌株所占比例与对照组差异有统计学意义。实验组成簇率（79.22％）与对照组成簇率（79.09％）差异无统计学意义。结论　北京基因型菌株是宜昌地区结核病的主要流行菌株,在耐多药结核病患者中北京基因型菌株更为流行。耐多药结核菌株有一定的遗传多态性。McSpoligotyping方法操作简单、快速、对于结核病分子流行病学研究具有重要意义。     

2009—2020年合肥市肺结核空间特征分析

目的: 分析2009—2020年合肥市肺结核疫情特征及空间聚集性。方法: 通过收集“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“结核病管理信息系统”中合肥市2009—2020年肺结核数据,筛选出肺结核患者42681例,利用GeoDa和Arcgis 10.8空间分析软件进行分析,在街道/乡镇水平上绘制空间分布地图,探索空间分布规律及肺结核发病冷热点地区。结果: 2009—2020年合肥市肺结核共报告42681例,报告发病率从2009年57.96/10万(4195/7237966)下降到2020年31.04/10万(2908/9369881),整体呈现波动下降趋势($\chi _{趋势}^{2}$=12.531,P<0.001);全局空间自相关结果显示2009—2014年合肥市肺结核发病呈现空间自相关性(Moran’s I值均>0,P值均<0.05);2015—2020年空间分布偏向随机性。局部自相关分析显示高-高聚集发病街道/乡镇主要集中在长丰县、肥东县;低-低聚集区主要集中在老城区(庐阳区、包河区)。冷热点分析发现,热点区域有2个,分布在长丰县义井乡和肥西县严店乡。结论: 合肥市肺结核疫情存在一定的聚集性,后续应针对不同的县(区)街道/乡镇特点采取不同的防控措施,加大高-高聚集区的街道和热点区域的防控力度。     

河北省2010-2015年重症手足口病流行特征及时空聚集性分析

目的 了解河北省2010-2015年重症手足口病(HFMD)流行特点及时空聚集性.方法 收集河北省2010-2015年HFMD监测数据,描述重症HFMD流行病学特征,应用GeoDa l.8.10进行空间自相关分析,SaTScanTM9.4.2进行时空聚集性分析,ArcGIS 10.2软件绘制专题地图进行结果可视化展示.结果 河北省2010-2015年共报告重症HFMD病例3641例,平均重症率0.85/105,其中2010年重症率最高(2.49/105),疫情波动呈“大小年”现象,5-7月发病高峰,季节分布明显,总体呈下降趋势.专题地图及空间自相关分析显示,各县区HFMD重症率差异较大,地区聚集性明显(Moran’sI＞0,P＜0.05).局部自相关分析显示,高值聚集区随时间变化较大,主要分布在河北省的中部和南部的部分地区.时空扫描分析确证,河北省南部邢台地区(隆尧县为中心,方圆60.96公里,20个区县)为最大可能聚集区(RR=38.08,LLR=1267.00,P＜0.001);次级高发聚集区集中在省会石家庄西北部(14个县区,RR=12.35)、沧州(16个,RR=11.35)、廊坊(8个,RR=44.04)和承德(17个,RR=10.32)等地区,其发病风险RR均在10以上,聚集时间主要集中在2010-2012年5-8月.2013-2015年重症数下降明显,唐山、邯郸、张家口和保定的大部分地区为低发聚集区(RR＜1).另对2207例实验室确诊病例病原构成分析显示,河北省重症HFMD病例仍以EV71(79.70％)感染为主.结论 河北省2010-2015年重症HFMD报告发病率存在时空聚集性,聚集地区主要集中在河北省的中南部地区,但总体疫情呈现波动下降趋势.     

Connectivity‐based parcellation: Critique and implications

Regional specialization and functional integration are often viewed as two fundamental principles of human brain organization. They are closely intertwined because each functionally specialized brain region is probably characterized by a distinct set of long‐range connections. This notion has prompted the quickly developing family of connectivity‐based parcellation (CBP) methods in neuroimaging research. CBP assumes that there is a latent structure of parcels in a region of interest (ROI). First, connectivity strengths are computed to other parts of the brain for each voxel/vertex within the ROI. These features are then used to identify functionally distinct groups of ROI voxels/vertices. CBP enjoys increasing popularity for the in‐vivo mapping of regional specialization in the human brain. Due to the requirements of different applications and datasets, CBP has diverged into a heterogeneous family of methods. This broad overview critically discusses the current state as well as the commonalities and idiosyncrasies of the main CBP methods. We target frequent concerns faced by novices and veterans to provide a reference for the investigation and review of CBP studies. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4771–4792, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于特征聚集度的FCM-RSVM算法及其在人工焊点缺陷识别中的应用

针对人工焊点缺陷识别方法进行研究,提出了一种基于特征聚集度的模糊C均值聚类(FCM)与松弛约束支持向量机(RSVM)联用的分类识别算法。在提取人工焊点特征向量的基础上,算法首先对样本特征数据进行模糊C均值聚类,依据样本隶属度函数计算不同特征的特征聚集度,并由特征聚集度指标改进RSVM算法中的松弛量参数,建立最终的分类器模型。实验结果表明:本文提出的算法建立了泛化能力更强的分类模型,能有效抑制噪声及模糊边界点对分类模型的影响,在人工焊点缺陷识别的应用中获得了满意的识别结果。